BERLIN
The closure of the Kroll Opera House, enforced under pressure from right-wing parties, marked the beginning of the struggle over Berlin’s state theaters in 1931. After the National Socialists came to power, an in-house list of Jews provided the basis for the dismissal of Jewish opera staff members and those who were politically unpopular.
Franz Allers
Bella Alten
Karl Alwin
Karl von Appen
Michael Balnemones
Otto Bernstein
Leo Blech
Claire Born
Josef Brotmann
Fritz Busch
Mine Corinth
Hans Curjel
Max Dawison
Alexander Deutsch
Margarethe Düsedau
Irene Eisinger
Maria Elsner
Erich Engel
Desző Ernster
Karl Fehling
Else Fink
Paul Frank
Tilly de Garmo
Ernst Ewald Gebert
Paul Gergely
Josef Gielen
Ernst Ginsberg
Josef Goldstein
Iso Golland
Henriette Gottlieb
Hans Grahl
Manfred Gurlitt
Eugen Gürster
Meta Hartog
Gustav Hartung
Martin Hellberg
Ferdinand Heltai
Hermann Horner
Maria Hussa
Irma Infeld
Grete Jacobsen
Herbert Janssen
Ernst Jokl
Fritzi Jokl
Elsa Jülich
Sabine Kalter
Mauritz Kapper
Georg Katz
Hugo Kessler
Margarete Kessler
Władisław Kiepura
Alexander Kipnis
Erich Kleiber
Otto Klemperer
Emil Kornsand
Alfred Krips
Arved Kurtz
Dorothea Kämmerer
Emmy Land
Alfred Lehmann
Frida Leider
Richard Lert
Emanuel List
Max Marx
Ottilie Metzger-Lattermann
Wilhelm Meyersohn
Jacques Müller
Karl August Neumann
Jarmila Novotná
Marcel Noë
Flora Oberländer
Siegfried Oppenheimer
Lilli Palmer
Paul Paulsen
Hugo Wolfgang Philipp
Kurt Prerauer
Karl Rankl
Paul Rembt
Suse Rosen
Richard Rosenberg
Therese Rothauser
Minnie Ruske-Leopold
Leopold Sachse
Karl Schade
Jenny Schaffer-Bernstein
Norbert Schiller
Friedrich Schorr
Paul Schwarz
Bruno Schwoch
Lotte Schöne
Siegfrid Shalom Sebba
Harry Stangenberg
Emy von Stetten
Leonid Striemer
Violetta de Strozzi
Enid Szánthó
Siegfried Urias
Hans Venus
Ernst Waldow
Hermann Weigert
Felix Weingartner
Ernst Weißler
Fritz Wisten
Werner Wolff
Heinrich Wollheim
Hermann Wucherpfennig
Hans Zander
Robert Zeiler
Alexander von Zemlinsky
Fritz Zweig